Ingredients
Main Ingredients
The creamy kale salad recipe calls for several key ingredients that come together to create a delicious and healthy dish.
Main ingredients include:
- Kale, which is the base of the salad and provides a good source of vitamins A, C, and K. The curly-leaf or lacinato (also known as Tuscan) varieties work particularly well in this recipe.
- Mayonnaise or a mayonnaise-based sauce, such as Miracle Whip, serves as the creamy dressing that brings all the flavors together. Some variations use Greek yogurt or sour cream for a healthier alternative.
- Lemon juice adds a burst of citrus flavor and helps to balance out the richness of the mayonnaise. Freshly squeezed lemon juice is always recommended for the best flavor.
- Red onion, which provides a sweet and pungent flavor that complements the kale nicely. Thinly slicing or mincing the red onion ensures it’s evenly distributed throughout the salad.
- Cheese, such as Parmesan or crumbled feta, adds a salty and tangy element to the dish. Some recipes use a combination of cheeses for added depth of flavor.
- Finally, optional ingredients like chopped bacon, diced chicken, or toasted walnuts can be added to enhance the texture and flavor of the salad.
The heart of any salad recipe lies in its ingredients, which should be carefully selected to create a harmonious balance of flavors and textures. For our Creamy Kale Salad Recipe, we will focus on the essential components that bring this dish together.
Leafy Greens
Kale is the star of this show, but you can also use other leafy greens like spinach, collard greens, or arugula to create a variation. For a basic salad, choose curly-leaf kale (also known as lacinato or dinosaur kale).
Crunchy Elements
To add texture and interest, we recommend incorporating crunchy elements into the recipe:
- Crispy bacon bits or chopped prosciutto for a savory flavor.
- Crunchy chopped nuts like almonds or walnuts add a satisfying bite and nutty taste.
- Toasted pumpkin seeds provide a delightful crunch and healthy dose of magnesium and zinc.
Fruits and Veggies
The sweetness and freshness of fruits and veggies complement the earthy flavor of kale. Consider adding:
- Diced apples or pears for a sweet and crunchy element.
- Cherry tomatoes halved to add bursts of juicy sweetness.
Cheese and Dairy
A creamy cheese can enhance the flavors in the salad. For our Creamy Kale Salad Recipe, use:
- Feta cheese crumbled for a tangy and salty element.
Other Ingredients
Add some depth to your salad with the following ingredients:
- A squeeze of fresh lemon juice for added brightness and flavor.
- Olive oil, which enhances the flavors in the salad without overpowering it.
1 bunch of curly kale, stems removed and discarded, leaves torn into bitesized pieces
The key ingredient for this delicious Creamy Kale Salad recipe is curly kale, which provides a nutrient-rich and flavorful base for the dish.
To start, you will need 1 bunch of curly kale, which should be fresh and have crisp leaves.
Begin by removing the stems from the kale, as they can be tough and fibrous. Simply hold each leaf upside down and tear off the stem at the base, discarding it in the process.
Next, take the remaining kale leaves and tear them into bite-sized pieces. This will help to break down the cells and release the natural sweetness of the kale.
The ideal size for the kale pieces is about 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) in size, which will make it easy to mix with the other ingredients and coat evenly with the creamy dressing.
Now that you have your kale prepared, you can move on to the next step of the recipe: combining the torn kale leaves with the remaining ingredients, such as cherry tomatoes, red onion, and a tangy dressing made from sour cream, mayonnaise, and lemon juice.
This will add a rich and creamy texture to the salad, balancing out the earthiness of the kale and creating a truly delicious and satisfying dish.
1/4 cup extravirgin olive oil
To create a delicious and refreshing Creamy Kale Salad, we’ll be using a variety of high-quality ingredients. Here are the key components:
Ingredients
- Kale: 2 cups curly kale, stems removed and discarded, leaves torn into bite-sized pieces
- Extravirgin Olive Oil: 1/4 cup – This is a crucial component in bringing out the flavors of the other ingredients. Use high-quality extravirgin olive oil to achieve a rich and peppery taste.
- Cream Cheese: 8 ounces softened – A key ingredient that adds creaminess and richness to the salad.
- Lemon Juice: 2 tablespoons freshly squeezed – Adds a nice acidity and brightness to the dish.
- Honey: 1 tablespoon – Provides a touch of sweetness and balance to the savory flavors.
- Garlic Powder: 1/4 teaspoon – Adds depth and warmth without overpowering the other ingredients.
- Salt: 1/2 teaspoon – Enhances the overall flavor profile.
- Crumbled Bacon: 6 slices cooked and crumbled (optional) – Provides a smoky and savory element to the salad.
The combination of these ingredients will result in a deliciously creamy and refreshing kale salad that’s perfect for any occasion.
2 cloves garlic, minced
When it comes to incorporating ingredients into recipes such as the Creamy Kale Salad, understanding what each component brings to the dish is crucial.
The focus here is on two cloves of garlic, minced, which are an essential element in many culinary creations. Garlic adds a depth of flavor that elevates the entire dish and makes it more appealing to the palate.
Minced garlic refers to the process of chopping or crushing the clove into smaller pieces until they reach a uniform size. This allows for even distribution throughout the recipe and ensures that the flavor is released in each bite.
The reason for using two cloves instead of one may be due to the fact that garlic is a strong ingredient, and a larger amount can overpower other flavors in the salad. By using two, you can achieve the perfect balance without overpowering the kale or any other ingredients.
The aroma of garlic is also worth noting. When cooked, minced garlic releases its oils, which fill the air with an inviting scent that makes your mouth water in anticipation.
Additionally, the pungency of garlic has been known to have health benefits when consumed in moderation. It contains compounds that have antibacterial and antiviral properties, making it a valuable addition to your meals.
1/2 teaspoon salt
When it comes to cooking and preparing recipes like the Creamy Kale Salad, understanding the importance of ingredients is crucial for achieving the desired flavor and texture.
In this particular recipe, a call is made for 1/2 teaspoon of salt to be added as an ingredient. At first glance, adding such a small amount of salt might seem insignificant, but its role in bringing out the flavors of other ingredients cannot be overstated.
Salt serves multiple purposes in cooking: it enhances flavors, balances sweetness and acidity, and even helps to preserve food by inhibiting the growth of bacteria. When used correctly, salt can elevate the overall taste experience, making each bite more enjoyable and satisfying.
In the context of this Creamy Kale Salad recipe, 1/2 teaspoon of salt is likely added to counterbalance the bitterness of the kale and the richness of the creamy dressing. This measured amount allows for a delicate balance between savory and sweet flavors without overpowering the dish with too much saltiness.
The key takeaway when working with such small amounts of ingredients like 1/2 teaspoon of salt is understanding that even slight variations can greatly impact the final taste and quality of the recipe. Therefore, it’s essential to pay close attention to measurements, using a digital kitchen scale if necessary, to ensure accuracy in each component of your dish.
By mastering the use of small ingredients like 1/2 teaspoon of salt and other spices or seasonings called for in a recipe, home cooks can unlock their full potential and produce delicious meals that consistently impress family and friends alike.
1/4 teaspoon black pepper
The ingredients for the Creamy Kale Salad Recipe are as follows:
To make this delicious and healthy salad, you will need the following:
- 4 cups curly kale, stems removed and discarded, leaves chopped
- 2 cloves garlic, minced
- 1/2 cup mayonnaise
- 1/4 cup plain Greek yogurt
- 2 tablespoons apple cider vinegar
- 1 teaspoon Dijon mustard
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 2 tablespoons chopped fresh dill
- 2 tablespoons grated carrot
- 1 large apple, diced (such as Granny Smith)
You may also want to have some optional ingredients on hand:
- 1/4 cup chopped walnuts or almonds for added crunch
- 2 tablespoons shredded cheddar cheese for an extra burst of flavor
The black pepper is a key ingredient in this recipe, as it adds depth and warmth to the dish without overpowering the other flavors. When using black pepper, be sure to use fresh peppercorns and grind them just before adding them to the salad.
1/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese (optional)
The ingredients for this Creamy Kale Salad recipe are carefully selected to provide a rich and satisfying flavor profile.
The main components of the salad include curly kale, which serves as the base ingredient due to its mild bitterness and high nutritional value. The quantity needed is 2 cups of stems removed and discarded, with the leaves chopped into bite-sized pieces.
A variety of vegetables adds texture, color, and extra nutrients to the salad. These include:
- 1 large red onion, thinly sliced
- 1 large apple, diced (such as a Granny Smith or Honeycrisp)
- 1/2 cup of dried cranberries for their sweetness and chewy texture
- 1/4 cup of chopped walnuts for crunch and flavor
- 1/4 cup of crumbled blue cheese, which adds a tangy and pungent taste (optional)
The creamy element of the salad comes from a mixture of mayonnaise, sour cream, or Greek yogurt. This can be tailored to suit individual preferences and dietary needs:
- 1/4 cup of mayonnaise for a richer flavor
- 2 tablespoons of sour cream for added tanginess
- 2 tablespoons of Greek yogurt for a lighter and healthier option
A pinch of salt and pepper enhances the overall taste, while 1 tablespoon of honey provides sweetness.
The recipe also calls for an optional ingredient, which is:
- 1/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese, sprinkled on top to add a savory flavor and crunchy texture
This Creamy Kale Salad Recipe offers a delightful combination of flavors, textures, and nutrients in each bite. It makes for an excellent side dish or light lunch option that caters to various tastes and dietary requirements.
The Creamy Kale Salad Recipe requires a variety of ingredients to bring out its rich and velvety texture, as well as its refreshing taste.
Here are the essential ingredients needed:
- Kale: 2 bunches of curly kale leaves (curly-leaf or lacinato work equally well)
- Cream Cheese: 8 ounces of softened cream cheese, preferably with a low-fat content for a lighter taste
- Mayonnaise: 2 tablespoons of mayonnaise to enhance the smoothness of the dressing
- Lemon Juice: 1 tablespoon of freshly squeezed lemon juice to add a hint of citrus flavor and prevent the kale from browning
- Honey: 1 teaspoon of pure honey for its sweetness and antibacterial properties that help preserve the freshness of the salad ingredients.
- Celery: 2 stalks of chopped celery, its crunchy texture provides a contrasting element to the softness of the kale
- Onion: 1 medium onion (red or yellow), finely chopped and sautéed until caramelized for an intense flavor
- Celery seeds: a pinch of celery seed adds a subtle nutty flavor that complements the other ingredients.
Other optional ingredients to customize this recipe can include: dried cranberries, chopped nuts (walnuts or pecans work well), diced apples for added sweetness and crunchiness, as well as grated Parmesan cheese for extra richness.
The creamy texture of this salad comes from combining the cream cheese with mayonnaise and lemon juice. To make it more refreshing and zesty, consider adding a few drops of hot sauce (optional). If you find the dressing too thick or heavy, simply thin it out by adding a small amount of water.
Instructions
Step 1: Prepare the Kale
To begin preparing the kale for this Creamy Kale Salad Recipe, it’s essential to start with fresh and high-quality ingredients. Choose a curly or lacinato (also known as dinosaur) variety of kale, as these have more delicate leaves that will be easier to work with.
First, gently wash the kale leaves in cold water to remove any dirt or debris. You can use a salad spinner to dry the leaves quickly and thoroughly. This step is crucial to prevent excess moisture from affecting the flavor and texture of your salad.
Next, remove the stems from the kale leaves by cutting them off just above the base of each leaf. This will help to make the leaves easier to tear or chop later in the process.
Cut the kale leaves into bite-sized pieces or shreds, depending on your preference for the salad. For a more rustic presentation, you can leave some of the larger leaves intact and simply tear them into smaller pieces.
After cutting the kale, transfer it to a large mixing bowl where it will be massaged later with the creamy dressing. This step is essential in helping to break down the cell walls of the kale and making it more tender and easier to digest.
In order to create a delicious and healthy Creamy Kale Salad, it’s essential to follow some key steps and guidelines.
Here are the instructions:
Clean and prepare the kale leaves
- Rinse the kale leaves under cold water, removing any dirt or debris.
- Remove the stems from the kale leaves and discard.
- Cut the kale leaves into bite-sized pieces.
Making the Creamy Kale Salad dressing:
In a blender or food processor, combine the following ingredients
- 2 tablespoons of olive oil
- 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar
- 1 teaspoon of Dijon mustard
- 1/2 teaspoon of honey or maple syrup
- Blend the ingredients together until smooth and creamy.
To assemble the Creamy Kale Salad
- In a large bowl, combine the prepared kale leaves, sliced red onion, chopped apple, and crumbled blue cheese (if using).
- Pour the Creamy Kale Salad dressing over the top of the salad and toss to coat.
Additional Tips
- To make this salad even healthier, consider adding other ingredients such as diced carrots, chopped nuts, or dried cranberries.
- If you prefer a lighter dressing, you can reduce the amount of creamy sauce used in the recipe.
- Consider using different types of kale, such as lacinato (also known as Tuscan) or curly-leaf kale.
Massage the kale leaves with your hands for about 5 minutes to tenderize them and remove bitterness.
The first step in preparing a delicious creamy kale salad is to massage the kale leaves with your hands for about 5 minutes to tenderize them and remove bitterness.
This simple yet crucial step is essential to break down the cell walls of the kale, making it easier to digest and reducing its natural bitterness.
To do this, start by rinsing a bunch of curly or lacinato (dinosaur) kale under cold running water, then gently pat it dry with a clean kitchen towel to remove excess moisture.
Next, place the kale leaves on a large plate or cutting board and use your fingertips to massage each leaf in a gentle pressing motion, working from top to bottom.
As you massage, focus on the center ribs of the leaves, where they are typically tougher and more fibrous. Use a bit more pressure here to help break down these areas.
Continue massaging for about 5 minutes, taking your time and being gentle but firm in your touch. You’ll start to notice the kale leaves becoming softer and less dense as you work through them.
After 5 minutes of massage, stop and inspect the kale leaves. They should now be significantly tenderized and have a more palatable texture.
You can then proceed with chopping or tearing the kale into bite-sized pieces for your creamy kale salad recipe.
Mix the olive oil, garlic, salt, and black pepper in a small bowl.
To make this Creamy Kale Salad Recipe, it’s essential to start by preparing a flavorful dressing that will tie all the ingredients together. The first step in creating this delicious and refreshing salad is to mix together the following ingredients:
- Olive oil: This serves as the base of our dressing, providing a rich and creamy texture.
- Garlic: Mince three to four cloves of garlic and add them to the bowl. The pungency of the garlic will complement the bitterness of the kale and enhance overall flavor.
- Salt: This enhances the flavors of all the other ingredients. Use a moderate amount, as excessive salt can overpower the dish.
- Black pepper: Add a generous amount to give the dressing a nice balance of spice and depth. Black pepper is a classic pairing with garlic in many recipes.
Begin by combining these ingredients in a small bowl. You want to make sure they’re well mixed, so take your time and stir until you get a uniform consistency.
When it comes to instructions, clarity and specificity are crucial in conveying the steps involved in a task or recipe, such as preparing the Creamy Kale Salad.
In the context of cooking, instructions serve as a roadmap that guides individuals through the preparation process, ensuring that they produce a dish that meets their expectations.
The importance of clear instructions cannot be overstated, particularly when it comes to a recipe like the Creamy Kale Salad, which requires precise measurements and timing to achieve the desired outcome.
Effective instruction writing involves providing step-by-step guidance on each component involved in the preparation of the dish, including chopping vegetables, mixing ingredients, cooking techniques, and presentation methods.
This may include information on knife handling, such as proper grip, cutting angles, and sharpening techniques, to ensure that even inexperienced individuals can accurately chop the kale and other vegetables.
Additionally, instructions should address potential areas of confusion or error, such as when cooking the pasta or preparing the dressing, by providing tips and troubleshooting advice.
Moreover, clear and concise instruction writing can greatly enhance the overall user experience, particularly in a recipe like the Creamy Kale Salad, which requires a balance of flavors and textures to be achieved.
A well-crafted set of instructions should allow individuals to easily follow along and execute each step with confidence, resulting in a dish that is both visually appealing and deliciously satisfying.
The following are some key considerations when writing instructions for the Creamy Kale Salad recipe:
Break down complex tasks into simpler steps: Divide large tasks, such as preparing the dressing or cooking the pasta, into smaller, manageable steps to reduce confusion and increase understanding.
Use clear and concise language: Avoid using jargon or technical terms that may be unfamiliar to inexperienced individuals; instead, opt for simple, straightforward language that is easy to understand.
Include visual aids: Consider incorporating photographs, diagrams, or illustrations to help illustrate key steps or techniques, making the instructions more accessible and easier to follow.
Provide measurement and timing information: Specify exact measurements and cooking times for each ingredient and step, ensuring that individuals can accurately execute each component of the recipe.
Test the recipe: Thoroughly test the recipe to ensure that it is accurate, efficient, and produces the desired outcome; make any necessary adjustments before finalizing the instructions.
By adhering to these guidelines and prioritizing clear and concise instruction writing, individuals can create a Creamy Kale Salad recipe that is both delicious and easy to prepare.
Variations and Tips
Adding Protein
To enhance the nutritional profile and satiety level of the Creamy Kale Salad Recipe, adding protein is a great way to go. Here are some tips and variations for doing so:
Protein Options
- Tofu: A great source of plant-based protein, tofu can be marinated, baked, or pan-fried and added to the salad.
- Tempeh: Similar to tofu, tempeh is a fermented soybean product that offers a nutty flavor and high protein content.
- Canned Tuna: A convenient source of lean protein, canned tuna can be drained and flaked into the salad.
- Grilled Chicken: Sliced or diced grilled chicken breast can add a boost of protein to the salad.
- Eggs: Hard-boiled eggs can be sliced or chopped and added on top of the salad for extra protein.
Here are some additional tips for adding protein
- Consider using edamame, chickpeas, or cannellini beans as a high-protein legume option.
- Add some nuts or seeds like almonds, pumpkin seeds, or chia seeds to the salad for an extra protein kick.
- For a meat-based option, cooked bacon, sausage, or ham can be added on top of the salad.
When adding protein, keep the following in mind
- Balance is key: Aim to balance the amount of protein with other ingredients in the salad to maintain flavor and texture.
- Flavor pairing: Choose protein sources that complement the flavors in the salad, such as citrus-herb marinated chicken or nutty tempeh.
- Texture variation: Add a mix of textures to keep the salad interesting, such as crunchy nuts or crispy grilled chicken.
By incorporating these protein options and tips, you can create a more substantial and satisfying Creamy Kale Salad Recipe that meets your nutritional needs.
In this recipe for Creamy Kale Salad, variations and tips can elevate the dish to suit individual tastes and dietary needs. One way to customize the recipe is by changing the type of greens used. Instead of kale, other leafy greens such as spinach, collard greens, or Swiss chard can be substituted in a 1:1 ratio.
For an added protein boost, diced chicken breast, cooked bacon, or crumbled tofu can be incorporated into the salad. To make it vegan-friendly, simply omit the cheese and dairy-based creamy dressing or substitute with a non-dairy yogurt alternative.
The creamy dressing is another aspect of the recipe that can be tweaked to taste preferences. For a lighter version, use half the amount of mayonnaise and double the amount of sour cream. Alternatively, try using Greek yogurt or cottage cheese for a healthier, lower-calorie option.
When massaging the kale with lemon juice and olive oil, be gentle but firm to help break down the tough fibers. This process can also be done ahead of time to save on prep work during mealtime.
To add texture and visual appeal, top the salad with chopped nuts (walnuts or pecans work well), dried cranberries or cherries for a fruity twist, or even crispy fried onions. Feel free to get creative and experiment with different combinations to find your favorite variation.
Finally, consider making the creamy dressing in bulk and storing it in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 3 days. This way, you can quickly assemble the salad whenever needed without having to spend extra time on prep work.
By incorporating these variations and tips, you’ll be able to create a Creamy Kale Salad that suits your taste buds and dietary requirements while maintaining its creamy, indulgent essence.
Cooked chicken, salmon, or tofu can be added to make the salad more substantial.
The beauty of this creamy kale salad recipe lies in its flexibility, allowing you to customize it according to your dietary preferences and protein needs.
To make this salad more substantial, consider adding one or a combination of the following ingredients:
- Grilled chicken: Sliced cooked chicken breast can be added on top of the salad for a lean source of protein. You can season it with salt, pepper, and your favorite herbs before grilling.
- Salmon: Cooked salmon fillets can be diced and mixed into the salad for a omega-3 rich addition. Look for wild-caught options to minimize exposure to mercury.
- Tofu: Marinated and pan-seared tofu can provide a plant-based protein boost to this salad. Use firm or extra-firm tofu for best results, and press it before marinating for maximum texture.
When incorporating these protein sources into the salad, feel free to get creative with your combinations:
- Pair cooked chicken with dried cranberries or cherries for a sweet and savory combination.
- Mix diced salmon with chopped walnuts and a drizzle of lemon-tahini dressing for added depth.
- Combine tofu with sliced red onions and a sprinkle of sumac for a tangy twist.
These variations will not only enhance the flavor and texture of your creamy kale salad but also ensure that it meets your individual dietary needs and preferences.
Crumbled feta cheese is also an excellent addition for a Greek twist.
To give your Creamy Kale Salad Recipe a unique flavor, consider experimenting with various ingredients and techniques.
Variations
Here are some ideas for adding a twist to your creamy kale salad:
- Add some crumbled feta cheese for a Greek-inspired flavor. The tanginess of the feta complements the earthy sweetness of the kale perfectly.
- Mix in some chopped olives or artichoke hearts to add a salty, savory taste.
- Use different types of vinegar, such as balsamic or apple cider vinegar, for a distinct flavor profile.
- Add some heat with red pepper flakes or diced jalapeños for an extra kick.
- Mix in some chopped fresh herbs like parsley, basil, or mint to add brightness and freshness to the salad.
Tips
Here are some general tips for creating the perfect creamy kale salad:
- Massage the kale with your hands to help break down its fibers and make it easier to digest. This will also help the dressing stick better.
- Don’t overdo it with the cream – a little goes a long way in balancing out the earthy flavor of the kale.
- Add some crunchy texture with chopped nuts or seeds, such as pine nuts or pumpkin seeds.
- Make sure to dress the salad just before serving, as the dressing can make the kale wilt quickly.
- Experiment with different types of greens, such as collard greens or spinach, for a change of pace.
Crumbled feta cheese: A Greek twist
The addition of crumbled feta cheese adds a rich, salty flavor to the salad. To incorporate it effectively:
- Add about 1/4 cup of crumbled feta cheese per serving.
- Crush the feta with your hands or a fork before adding it to the salad, so it’s evenly distributed and melts slightly into the dressing.
- Consider mixing in some chopped fresh herbs like parsley or dill to add brightness and freshness to the salad.
- The creamy kale salad recipe offers an exciting twist to the traditional green salads, making it a great option for those seeking something new and different. One key aspect that makes this dish stand out is its use of creamy dressing, which complements the bitter taste of kale perfectly.
When it comes to variations, the possibilities are endless. To start with, one can experiment with different types of greens. While kale remains the most prominent choice for this recipe, others such as spinach or collard greens can also be used. The trick is to adjust the cooking time and dressing accordingly to suit the texture and taste preferences.
An additional variation that can elevate the flavor profile is incorporating various nuts or seeds. Walnuts or almonds provide a crunchy texture and nutty flavor, while pumpkin seeds add a satisfying crunch along with a touch of earthy undertones. The key here is balance – adding too much might overpower the other flavors, so it’s best to start with a small amount and adjust as needed.
For those who prefer a lighter dressing, a Greek yogurt-based version can be used in place of heavy cream. This not only reduces calories but also provides a refreshing twist on the original recipe. Another option is using different seasonings like cumin or paprika to give it an international flair.
Cooking time plays a crucial role in preparing kale for salads, and timing is everything. Cooking the leaves too long can make them soft and unappealing, while undercooking results in tough, chewy bits. The ideal approach is to cook them until slightly tender but still crisp enough to maintain its texture.
When it comes to dressing, a classic combination of heavy cream, garlic, lemon juice, and olive oil does the trick. However, some people may prefer a lighter vinaigrette or even a vegan option using plant-based milk substitutes. The key is to taste as you go along, adjusting the seasoning and creaminess until you achieve the desired balance.
In addition to these tips and variations, consider adding other ingredients to create unique flavor profiles. Some ideas include dried cranberries for sweetness, chopped apples for crunch, or grated carrots for added color and nutrients. Remember, the beauty of this recipe lies in its flexibility – don’t be afraid to experiment and make it your own.
- Mango Pineapple Smoothie Recipe - December 3, 2024
- Mad Hatter Salad Recipe - December 2, 2024
- Lick-the-Spoon Cilantro Jalapeño Aioli Recipe - November 29, 2024